![]() Faith And Feminism In Pakistan : religious agency or secular autonomy? (2nd ed.). PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences, 5(2), 19-23. Michael Ondaatje’s running in the Family: A Case of Self Identity. Intensifying global efforts for the elimination of female genital mutilation (pp. Retrieved from United Nations Report of the Secretary-General. United Nations Report of the Secretary General. Understanding Female Genital Cutting in the Dawoodi Bohra Community: An Exploratory Survey (pp. ![]() The role of older women in contesting norms associated with female genital mutilation/cutting in Senegambia: A factorial focus group analysis. Shell-Duncan, B., Moreau, A., Wander, K., & Smith, S. Retrieved June 21, 2019, from SAHIYO website: Long term health consequences of Female Genital Mutilation (FGM). Vulvar Reconstruction Following Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C) and other Acquired Deformities (pp. Judging the Other: Responding to Traditional Female Genital Surgeries. Gender equality and human rights approaches to female genital mutilation: a review of international human rights norms and standards. Khosla, R., Banerjee, J., Chou, D., Say, L., & Fried, S. Health consequences of female genital mutilation/cutting in the Gambia, evidence into action. Kaplan, A., Hechavarría, S., Martín, M., & Bonhoure, I. Reconstructive surgery after female genital mutilation: a prospective cohort study. Retrieved from įoldès, P., Cuzin, B., & Andro, A. PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences, 5(2), 01-18. Culture of Sabah towards International Students’ Gender and Nationalism in Ums: Cross-Cultural Perspective. Feminism without borders : decolonizing theory, practicing solidarity (pp. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Memory Problems after Female Genital Mutilation. Retrieved from īehrendt, A., & Moritz, S. Female Genital Mutilation: Pakistan's well-kept secret. Cosmopolitanism: Ethics in a World of Strangers (2nd ed., pp. This research topic could contribute towards humanitarian information and approaches which could improve the situation of women that undergo FGM/C.Īppiah, K. Lastly, it will emphasize that cultural male domination can control and morph a woman’s sexual identity. This topic scrutinizes that a mixed methodology approach allows tolerant comprehension of female circumcision, yet does not nullify acknowledgment of its patriarchal roots and violent nature. ![]() To better tackle themes of gender discrimination, it is imperative to pursue in-depth studies of the religious removal or alteration of clitoris and/or labia from the female anatomy and how it curbs sexual pleasure of women. Furthermore, collection of primary source surveys and semi-structured interviews enunciate reasons as to why the community practices this ritual. Comparative investigation includes surface revision of quantitative and qualitative data to understand social, psychological and sexual after-effects. An insider versus outsider approach will explore how FGM/C is not a normalized practice in outsider communities and is seen as a clear violation of human rights by the United Nations. They are considered a sub-sect of Shi’ite Muslims whose roots are thought to be tracked back to regions of Yemen or Egypt, it is also suggested that some of their ancestors might have belonged to African origins. This paper critically analyzes FGM/C as a physically invasive procedure practiced amongst women, that belong to a tight-knit community of “Dawoodi Bohra Muslims”, in Pakistan. The latter, remains a widely unknown and overlooked issue within Pakistani society. They are marginalized to challenges of honour killing, forced marriages and ‘Female Genital Mutilation (FGM)’. Lack of awareness and cultural conditioning fosters an unsafe environment towards young girls and women. The strive for women’s emancipation and equal rights recently emerged as a topic of major concern within the socio-cultural arena of developing countries, such as Pakistan. School of Politics & International Relations, University of London (QueenMary), London, United Kingdomįemale Genital Mutilation/Circumcision, Dawoodi Bohra Muslim, Cultural Identity, Sexual, Patriarchy, Gender Discrimination Abstract ![]()
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